Abstract: The traditional village is an acquaintance society where people live together from generation to generation. It is a living community based on agricultural production mode. This paper starts with the differential mode of association, the dominant social relationship model for maintaining the stable development of traditional village community. By analyzing the original factors of the construction of this social relationship and its evolution in the contemporary context. It is considered that the core dilemma faced by the current traditional villages is the deconstruction of the dominant social relationship model and the loss of the community, which is rooted in the migration of rural population and the decline of agricultural production; It is pointed out that the reconstruction of traditional villages needs to reunite the loose local social relationship structure and reshape the independent production and living space; It also puts forward strategies to awaken the endogenous development mechanism of traditional villages and restore the vitality of self-development of traditional villages through agricultural innovation and development and cultivation of human capital, improvement of living environment and protection of local buildings, inheritance of daily life and micro intervention of tourism, governance of grass-roots organizations, and reconstruction of etiquette and customs order.