Abstract: Based on the ‘Two Mountains’ theory, taking a typical mountainous town Jishou as a case, this paper puts forward strategies and research framework for improving the vitality of mountainous towns in the ecological context. Based on the analysis of economic development problems by the methods of location growth quotient and outward function, the tourism flow model and social network analysis are used to explore its potential and shortage. By constructing the social ecological network (SEN) system, the strategy of improving the vitality of mountainous towns is put forward. The results show that:(1) Under the guidance of ‘Two Mountains’ theory, the SEN system optimization planning method of spatial pattern is a new path to enhance the spatial integration development vitality of mountainous towns. (2) The multi-modal comprehensive analysis method is a scientific tool to explore the ecological development potential of small mountain cities and put forward spatial optimization strategies. (3) To strengthen the network connection between urban public activity centers and country parks is an effective way to enhance the vitality of mountainous towns through urban livability. The ideas and methods of this study provide a guiding framework for the research on improving the vitality of mountainous towns, and also point out the direction for their high-quality green development.