Abstract: Rooted in spatial production theory, this study unveils the dialectical unity relationships among spatial practice, spatial representation, and representational space in rural spatial governance. An analytical framework is constructed to encompass material space optimization, institutional system restructuring, and social relationship reconfiguration. The findings reveal that: 1) At the material spatial production level, resource allocation transitions from fragmentation to integration, reshaping spatial production relations through ecological network construction, multifunctional agricultural integration, and built-environment quality enhancement; 2) In terms of institutional supply, the planning system evolves from fragmentation to holism, innovating spatial regulatory approaches and refining policy transmission mechanisms; 3) At the social network level, governance models shift from administrative dominance to multi-stakeholder collaboration, forming a synergistic framework involving actor empowerment, platform establishment, and cultural identity cultivation. Based on the practical experiences in Yandu District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, this paper dissects innovative mechanisms in resource integration, planning guidance system optimization, and governance network restructuring, demonstrating the theoretical value of spatial production theory in advancing rural governance mechanisms. The study aims to provide references for deepening the application of spatial production theory in rural governance contexts.