Abstract: Based on the perspective of natural ecological environment, the article takes typical settlements in the defense system of 'Yunnan-Guizhou Corridor' in Southwest China as an example, and tries to explore the influence of specific natural conditions on the site layout of defense settlements. With the help of the basic concept of spatial analysis, combined with the relevant knowledge of ecology, geography, architecture and urban and rural planning, the article analyzes the factors influencing the spatial pattern of defense settlements based on the ecological vision and from the perspective of the internal and external environments; On the basis of which, the spatial order and spatial structure of defense settlements under the influence of these factors are further revealed, in order to explore the wisdom of defense settlements, and to broaden new ideas for the sustainable development of defense settlements under the current social conditions.