Abstract: This study uses Xianshi Ancient Town, Shishi Ancient Town, and Zhaohua Ancient Town in Zigong City, Sichuan Province, as case studies. It introduces graph theory and space syntax to quantitatively describe the syntactic characteristics of spatial networks and to observe the hierarchy of spatial units, with public spaces serving as the fundamental unit. From the perspective of the correlation between public space layouts and social activity networks, it investigates the manifestation of public space characteristics and the pathways for the transformation and optimization of social activity functions. The study summarizes the characteristics of salttransportation-related ancient towns as reflected in Zigong's ancient towns, including their spatial distribution, spatial advantages, and spatial functional attributes. Finally, based on the analysis results of public space characteristics, this paper proposes corresponding optimization recommendations, providing new ideas and methods for better preserving and revitalizing salt-transportation-related ancient towns.