Abstract: In the current context of emphasizing the protection and inheritance of urban and rural historical culture, numerous historical settlements remain outside the scope of protection. Faced with a large number of urban and rural settlement heritage, traditional survey and analysis methods are difficult to provide rapid and accurate identification. This study, based on a deep understanding of the value of historical settlements, utilizes deep learning technology to conduct in-depth exploration of the resource mining of traditional textures in historical settlements, drawing on the identification techniques of urban and rural settlements' built textures. Meanwhile, from the professional perspective of historical geography, it interprets the historical and cultural information and values embedded in the traditional textures. Researches have been conducted in regions such as Zhejiang and Shanxi, providing a basis for the excavation of potential resources and the formulation of comprehensive protection measures. This study has reference value for the digital technology-enabled protection of cultural heritage, but still faces challenges such as the need for improvement in data quality and the large workload.