Abstract: The public space of traditional mountain villages in southern Zhejiang has significant advantages in ecological and landscape resources. The isolation of mountains makes it relatively less eroded by urbanization and modernization, and preserves more authentic local culture to a certain extent. But at the same time, the public space of mountain traditional villages is affected by terrain, location, and other factors, and its lack of vitality is more serious. Taking mountainous traditional villages in Lishui, Zhejiang as example, this paper obtains the influencing factors of public space vitality through questionnaire survey and constructs a structural equation model to explore the interaction between the influencing factors of space vitality. The main results are as follows:the relationship between the impact on the vitality of public space in mountainous traditional villages in southern Zhejiang shows ‘landscape and ecology’ > ‘public facilities service’ > ‘industry and humanities’ > ‘spatial scale characteristics’, among which ‘landscape and ecology’ and ‘spatial scale characteristics’ indirectly affect the vitality of public space, and ‘public facilities service’ and ‘industrial humanities’ directly affect the vitality of public space. Finally, according to the analysis results, this paper puts forward the corresponding strategies to improve the space vitality.