Abstract: Traditional villages is the important historical carrier of Chinese agricultural civilization, of which spatial distribution is the result of multiple factors under the long-term spatiotemporal environment. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution and influencing factors of the national traditional villages in Yunnan Province from the macro level, the regional and individual perspectives, using the method of combination of quantitative and qualitative. The results show that:(1) The spatial distribution of the national traditional villages in Yunnan Province presents a pattern of regional imbalance and local aggregation, forming three main regional agglomeration areas. (2) The spatial distribution of the national traditional villages in Yunnan is affected by natural environment, social economy, historical culture and other factors which are differences in the degree of influence in different regions. (3) The topography of alternating mountains and dams creates the relatively independent geographical spaces, which create conditions for the preservation of traditional villages. (4) There is no obvious positive and negative correlation between rural economic development and traditional village protection, and the level of regional urbanization directly affects the number and distribution of traditional villages, meanwhile there is a certain degree of negative correlation between traffic conditions and the number of traditional villages. (5) There is a positive correlation between historical culture and traditional village protection, and the positive development of tourism is conducive to the protection and inheritance of traditional villages.