Abstract: Since the founding of The People's Republic of China, the rural governance has experienced ‘political and social governance’, ‘centralized’ management and ‘village politics and village governance’, and entered a new stage of multi-governance in the new century. Compared with the single government management mode, multi-governance has obvious advantages and can promote the modernization of governance and rural revitalization in an orderly manner. In this paper, policy texts and bibliometric analysis methods are used to clarify the development of national rural policies, reveal the role process and complexity characteristics of multiple subjects, and judge the future development trend of national rural governance. According to the research, with the implementation of agricultural tax and fee reform, agricultural modernization and rural revitalization as historical nodes, the process of rural governance in China can be divided into ‘the beginning of rural co-governance’ from 2004 to 2012, ‘active market capital subjects’ from 2013 to 2017, and ‘new emerging subjects’ from 2018 to the present. The promulgation of the national policy is closely connected with the rural governance system architecture, the evolution of the governance body from one yuan to multivariate, rural society demand for national policy and governance changes make a positive response, and the welfare policies of the state capital, market driven, rural social transformation and the governance body consciousness awakening, as the evolution of internal driving factors. With the intensification of urban-rural integration and the continuous improvement of market economic system, the multiple subjects of rural governance will also face readjustment. According to the evolution law of rural governance, exploring a more practical and effective rural governance path is the only and fundamental way to realize the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity.