Abstract: Traditional villages are the living testimony of history and important cultural heritage. And traditional villages in Xinjiang are unique because of the cultural integration generated by multi-ethnic groups living together for a long time. Among them, the traditional villages of the nomadic people are located on the high mountain s and grasslands, and the interaction and integration between the natural environment and production and life patterns have driven the evolution of the villages, dynamically record the scenes of production and life in the village, which is an important testimony to the changes in the production and living styles. Nowadays, it has developed into a grassland settlement heritage. According to cultural ecology, culture and the natural environment are interdependent systems, and culture is a process of constantly adapting to the environment. Therefore, based on the perspective of cultural ecology, taking the nomadic grassland settlement heritage Qiongkushitai Village, Kaladala Town, Tex County, Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as an example, the cognitive framework of spatial evolution is constructed on the basis of the four-factor system of 'nature society-economy-habitat'. And the characteristics of spatial evolution are analyzed from four aspects of formation, structure, scale, and quality. Then this paper analyzes the characteristics of spatial evolution from four dimensions, that is formation, structure, scale, and quality. Also, the formation mechanism be analyzed finally. It is hoped that this study will provide inspiring references for the preservation and development of the heritage of grassland settlements.