Abstract: Under the background of refined and digital management, evaluation has become an effective way to continuously optimize the protection and management of historical and cultural towns. Aiming at the sustainable protection and inheritance of the value of historical and cultural towns, this paper combs and excavates the protection process, analyzes the multiple modes of inheritance and utilization, and puts forward the evaluation index system of full factor characteristic analysis, whole process protection and sustainable inheritance. The index selection strengthens the connection with the specific work of the construction supervision of historical and cultural towns, and forms the basic database with strong operability. In the process of data collection and evaluation, this paper pays attentions to the support of multiple data such as residents questionnaire, remote sensing image and Baidu Index, and emphasizes the quantitative and visual analysis of evaluation results. At the same time, taking an ancient town as an example, this paper analyzes the core problems in the recent construction management of the ancient town in the form of problem tracing, and puts forward the development strategies of resource value supplement and reconstruction, human land balance policy innovation, and business culture brand creation.